Anorexia Nervos A Type Of Eating Disorder Essay example -- Obesity, Body

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a type of eating disorder characterized by intense fear of gaining weight (1). People with anorexia have a distorted body image, persistent preoccupation with thinness, excessive exercising, unwillingness to maintain minimal weight, and disturbed eating behaviours (1-2). The lifetime prevalence of AN is about 0.3 - 1.0% in women and 0.3% in men (3), with a peak age of onset at 13 to 18 years (4). The mortality rate of AN is reported to be higher than of any other psychiatric illness. Estimates show that around 10% of people with AN die within 10 years from the development of the condition (5). Two major subtypes of AN have been identified: eating/purging and restricting subtypes. Individuals with the eating/purging subtype maintain their low body weight by engaging in binge-eating and/or purging behaviours by misusing diuretics or laxatives, and induce vomiting. Those with the restricting subtype limit their food intake and exercise excessively (5). Anorexia affects both the body and the mind of the person. Although individuals lose a lot of weight, they still view themselves as fat, become preoccupied with food, and are socially withdrawn (5). Onset of AN starts as innocent dieting, but gradually gets out of control. Progressively, people become obsessively preoccupied with weight loss and limit the amount of food intake. Some individuals begin starving themselves and exercise excessively to become dangerously thin. Others lose weight by misusing laxatives, self-induced vomiting, diuretics or enemas. Severe cases on AN include suicide attempts and occur in about 20-30% of individuals (6). The suicide rates for women with AN is about 57 times higher than that for women of similar age in the gene... ... middle of paper ... ...alent and has serious psychological and medical consequences. These particular age groups are at a higher risk for developing AN, due to biological and sociocultural influences. In order to avoid long-term health problems, it is imperative that early signs associated with AN are recognised. Quick detection and vigorous treatment are needed to prevent medical complications and chronicity. Treatment interventions that focus on weight restoration, negative thought targeting, blame reduction, and actively integrate caregivers and families have emerged as particularly effective (25, 26). FBT and CBT are valuable parts of treatment, but no specific approach is superior to any other. While the evidence for treatment interventions continues to grow, families and physicians must work in collaboration to promote remission and to prevent relapses in patients diagnosed with AN.

International Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Strategy - Essay Example It is also in a way the need of the hour as domestic based companies can no longer shield themselves from the effects of multinational corporations. International diversification carries with it significant advantages. Taking into account the obvious advantages in terms of the increased market size and a higher return on investment, there are also other advantages that help the company take down its per unit costs and hence increase profit margins. These accrue from taking advantage of economies of scale to drop down fixed costs or per unit costs. This is further aided by the domestic incentives that the other countries may provide to aid their own economies which would give the expanding firm a comparative advantage. The development of international business level strategies however does depend on some factors. One of the chief is the amount of risk averseness of the management who may or may not be willing to take such a big step requiring possibly high capital expenditure. There is also the degree of environmental scanning performed by the firm and the degree of planning formality used to guide the planning process. Finally a crucial element in the decision to go international is the amount of munificence in the domestic industry environment. Entrance into the international markets can be made by exporting directly to the market, making use of possible domestic incentives. ... company wants to retain greater control, acquisition of a company or formation of a whole owned subsidiary may be the best option in terms of allowing greater autonomy in decision making. Amazon is a company that enjoyed considerable growth since its inception and enjoys an international market of customers through its online store. The company now decided to go global with Amazon's DRM-free MP3 digital music store. This is an important decision as it would expose the company to a whole new horizon of opportunities and risks ("Amazon to Begin International Rollout of Amazon MP3 in 2008."). The motive for this expansion seems to be the traditional need to expand beyond the domestic market and tap in that reserve of international customers. However more than that, this seems like an inevitable choice for Amazon given that competitor multinational firms such as Apple with its I-pod and I-tunes store already have an international base and may keep creeping on Amazon's customers. Apart from being the need of the hour, this expansion will allow the company to enjoy possibly higher return on investment given the rise in its customer base and increased sales could see quarterly profits rising steadily. The company may also be able to enjoy economies of scale in terms of learning as handling a diverse customer base will allow it to come into contact with and become adept at fulfilling unique customer requirements. This experience the company can use to bring innovation to its operations in the domestic market and other areas of the business, something other competitors in the domestic market may not be able to enjoy. Since the main focus of sales will be online, the company has the benefit of not having to make an alliance or acquisition of any companies as it is able to

Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities Essay

Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Disabilities - Essay Example The current research also looks at a point at which I visited, observed, and participated in an inclusion program serving special education students, and what I observed in terms of behavior modification. students, including students with emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, health impairments, and traumatic brain injury, are able to have an opportunity for growth and development is dependent on planning and personal execution. Many different people have different styles of planning and shaping the classroom environment, with different results. Overall, â€Å"Classroom environments that work require personal reflection about teachers’ roles, an understanding of what works in classroom organizations, a view of the relationship between management and instructional decisions, and the ability to use multiple methods† (Fine, 2002). At the same time, the teacher must realize that most students are spending most of their time outside of school, and only a fraction of their time in school or after school programs. Therefore it is important to realize the role that parenting, outside environment, and other factors like television and peer group association that also shape the process in the majority of the student’s time, especially when the student has special needs and is disabled. The current research example shows that inclusion programs can be very successful for students with various physical disabilities if teachers have a positive attitude and are willing to increase their levels of teamwork and communication. Teachers need to focus on stressing similarities to their peers and should help them accomplish what is sometimes a difficult social acclimation, as well as focusing on their academic needs. Disabilities are dealt with in the mainstreamed classroom and instructional strategies for helping children with disabilities achieve are tried out. When looking at the